Development 
Antonio Banderas Joins the UN
Mark Leon Goldberg March 18, 2010 - 12:15 pm
You loved him in Philadelphia, saw his performance lacking in The Mask of Zorro, now, Antonio Banderas will take on his next role: goodwill ambassdor for the United Nations Development Program. From the UN News Center:
Mr. Banderas will advocate for the poor and push for the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), eight globally-agreed targets with a 2015 deadline to halve world poverty, with a focus on Africa and Latin America.
“Poverty robs us of our potential as a people, preventing us from being all that we can be,” he said, underscoring the importance of mobilizing all efforts to tackle the scourge.
Yesterday, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon launched a new report, entitled Keeping the Promise, in which he unveils a new action plan aimed at getting governments, civil society actors, private businesses, philanthropy and the multilateral system to act “efficiently, effectively and collectively.”
With just five years to go before the 2015 deadline, he said that progress has been uneven and without an accelerated action plan several Goals are likely to be missed in many countries.
“Despite hard economic times, despite lagging progress on many fronts, we can still achieve the Millennium Development Goals by our target date of 2015,” he told reporters at his monthly press conference in New York.
With a decade of efforts towards achieving the MDGs already under the world’s belt, “we know what works and what doesn’t,” with lessons learned on how to best utilize new technologies, national development policies and better governance, he noted.
As Goodwill Ambassador, Mr. Banderas hopes to raise the profile of the MDG Achievement Fund, set up in 2006 with a $700 million contribution by Spain to accelerate progress on reaching the Goals.
My understanding is that Ban Ki Moon's introduction of Banderas went something like this:
Teach for the World? No.
Alanna Shaikh March 15, 2010 - 2:43 am
Like many people who work in international development, I am grateful for the way that Nicholas Kristof brings attention to global inequalities. His columns are an important tool to get people thinking about international development. But you can’t get it right every time, and his recent column on a “Teach for the World” program is a big loser.
In the column, Kristof commits several of the classic bad development blunders. He suggests a program based on the needs of the donor, not the recipient. He offers a program that you wouldn’t want in your own country. And he duplicates an existing program – the Peace Corps.
I really don’t see how the proposed Teach for the World program would differ from Peace Corps. Peace Corps already places a substantial number of education volunteers. Most other types of volunteers also teach, as their secondary projects. Why is Kristof suggesting a teach program and not an expansion of the Peace Corps education component? My best guess is he wants it to be less selective. I don’t think I need to explain here why that’s a bad idea.
Next, consider how you would feel if a young Pakistani or Ethiopian with only a college or high school education – and no teaching background - showed up as a teacher at your local high school for a year. They wouldn’t speak much English, but they’d be very excited to learn more. They’d teach rugby and badminton to the students, or poetry declamation. Would you welcome that? Would you feel like it improved education at your school? Or would you feel like you were educating foreigners at your own expense.
Lastly, Kristof’s entire column couches the program in terms of the benefit to Americans. In reading it, I am force to conclude that either: 1) he assumes these young people will be inherently useful simply because they are American or 2) the rest of the world exists only to help Americans take a detour before the real world and/or become less provincial. Either of those assumptions is pretty ugly. Together, they are horrifying.
I shouldn’t have to write this down, but being American doesn’t make you smart or useful. You are not somehow valuable to the developing world on your own merits. You need to have some kind of relevant skill. And the developing world has specific needs that have to be addressed through programs that are designed to meet those needs, not just any random aid we want to send.
(Image: flickr user symmetry mind.)
Should We Worry About *Internal* Brain Drain?
Alanna Shaikh March 11, 2010 - 4:42 pm
Recently, the issue of internal brain drain in the developing world has come up on both development and economics blogs. The GiveWell blog mentions concerns that NGOs are pulling well-qualified individuals out of the private sector. Aid Thoughts and Roving Bandit take on the staff transfer from government ministries to development agencies and NGOs.
The issue is very clear to anyone who has spent time in the developing world. There is a steady stream of really good people leaving government agencies for jobs with the UN and international NGOs. That’s not surprising – UN and NGO work pays well and pays consistently. It offers opportunities for moving up, and a sense of making a difference in the world. Work for the government, on the other hand tends to be poorly paid, and not always on a regular basis. In many places it is plagued by bureaucratic incompetence and resistance to change.
As a result, the good people just keep leaving government posts for other jobs. As Aid Thoughts puts it, “When the top of that ladder ends at the UN, not the government, ambitious civil servants will feel less motivated to excel…Even when the few bright stars do bother to overachieve, they’re quickly snapped-up into the development sector.”
I think, however, that most proposed solutions are looking in the wrong direction. The problem is not that sexy UN jobs are pulling people out of government. The problem is that people are pushed out of government jobs by poor working conditions. It’s not a demand problem – it’s a supply problem. People who want to leave their government jobs will find a way to do it. If it wasn’t NGOs and the development sector pulling them out, it would be the private sector or international emigration.
Skilled personnel are ambitious and they don’t stick around in bad jobs. The issue goes beyond salary. You could force NGOs and UN agencies to reduce their salaries to government levels, but government work would still be boring and unsatisfying.
If you look at it that way, the solution is to build government capacities and make government work meaningful. Rather than trying to restrict opportunities outside the government, give the best people a reason to stay. Not an easy thing to achieve, it’s true. But a lot more humane than refusing them the right to chose their employment or trying to make all employment options equally bad.
Image: Flickr user lapolab
Haitian President visits the White House
Mark Leon Goldberg March 11, 2010 - 11:17 am
Barack Obama and Haiti President Rene Preval speak to a public audience after a private meeting in the Oval Office.
Meanwhile, the real action in Washington on Haiti will be in Congress, which is preparing a supplimental funding bill to pay for Haitian relief efforts. The White House would like this to be passed by a March 31 Haiti donors conference, but as we've seen over the past year Congress tends to proceed at its own pace. Josh Rogin has more.
Haiti Earthquake: Update from the UN on Recovery Efforts
Mark Leon Goldberg March 9, 2010 - 5:40 pm
The top UN official in Haiti traveled to UN headquarters for the first time in eight weeks and briefed the press on Haiti recovery efforts. Here are some (paraphrased) highlights from the briefing. You can watch for yourself via UN webcast
-Non-MINUSTAH troops (i.e. American, Jamaican, and Canadian troops that were invited by the Haitian government to help with post-earthquake efforts) are beginning to leave. Mullet says that security in many IDP camps will, no doubt, be hard to maintain. Rape and violence against women are a particular concern. The challenge, he says, is that there are around 900 different IDP camps in scattered all over Port au Prince and its been difficulty to provide security in all those places. The idea is to consolidate many of the IDP camps so that security--and other services--can be better delivered. He acknowledged, however, that there's a concern that by consolidating these camps the groundwork may be laid for creating vast new slums. This is something that the UN and the Haitian government are striving to avoid.
-While there has been progress in areas like food and water distribution, shelter and sanitation remain a very dire concern. They still lack sufficient number of tents--and the rainy season is fast approaching.
-Mullet said the UN puts the total death count at 220,000 at the very least, but echoed that we may never know the full number.
Meanwhile, the United Nations held a memorial service today for 101 UN staffers who lost their lives during the Haiti earthquake. Full biographies of the deceased UN workers were compiled by their colleagues and posted to this site.
Here were Ban's remarks.
Excellencies,
Dear colleagues,
Dear friends,
Above all, dear families of those to whom we sadly bid farewell:
Let us begin by thanking the families and friends who have traveled far to be with us. To those who could not be here, please know that our hearts are with you.
We are joined by duty stations around the world — the men and women of our proud United Nations.
Among them are the members of our UN mission in Haiti, who have carried on despite their pain and hardship.
I thank Mr. Edmond Mulet and his courageous staff who are working tirelessly - day in, day out – in MINUSTAH [UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti]. I highly commend [you] and I am deeply grateful to all of you.
Today, we commemorate the single greatest loss the UN has suffered in its history.
We remember 101 lives of consequence.
We honor 101 unique paths that joined in Haiti to write the larger story of the United Nations.
These women and men were our own. They were family.
They came to Haiti from all corners of the world, from all walks of life.
Yet they shared a common conviction … a belief in a better future for the people of Haiti, and a common resolve to help them build it.
Now those 101 paths come together one final time, here in this chamber, through us … families and friends, colleagues and loved ones.
The world knew them as trusted diplomats, dedicated humanitarians and conscientious professionals.
They were doctors and drivers, police officers and policy advisers, soldiers and lawyers — each contributing to the mission, each in his or her own way.
To us they were even more.
We knew them, very personally. We knew their smiles, their songs, their dreams.
Now we cannot forget the last email, the last conversation, the last meal together, the last au revoir.
Their words echo: "Don't worry about me. This is where I need to be."
At the United Nations, we don't simply share office space; we share a passion for a better world.
So it is no surprise that many of these 101 paths criss-crossed the globe through the years.
In Cambodia and the DRC. Eritrea and East Timor. Kosovo and Sierra Leone.
Whether they came to Haiti … or came from Haiti … they knew that hope shines in even the darkest corners.
And so they chased the flame. Wherever they went, they carried the light of hope.
And as they fulfilled their mission in Haiti, they illuminated a profound truth:
Earthquakes are a force of nature, but people move the world.
Today, our hearts are heavy with a burden almost too difficult to bear.
Yet perhaps like you, it is gratitude that I feel most of all.
Gratitude to the international community for the spontaneous, whole-hearted and unstinting support in the face of this tragedy.
Gratitude to the rescue teams, aid workers, governments and NGOs [Non-Governmental Organizations] that rallied to our side, determined to help Haiti to recover and, in time, to “build back better.”
Gratitude to the people of Haiti, for their strength, resilience and faith … the faith of human spirit, the spirit that burns in all of us today.
I commend and appreciate the leadership of President [René] Preval and his Government and his people
Gratitude fills this chamber — profound thanks that our world and our lives were touched by the grace and nobility of these 101 UN heroes.
Ladies and gentlemen,
In life, we are measured by the company we keep.
To those here today, let us know that this is our measure. This is the company we keep.
To those we have lost, let us say: we will never forget you. We will carry on your work.
In a moment we will read out their names … the roll call of highest honor.
Look at their pictures. Look into their eyes. Remember their smiles and their dreams.
Together we stand … in honor of the victims … and in deepest sympathy for the bereaved.
May I now ask you to rise and join me in a minute of silence. Thank you.
Will Africa meet the MDGs?
Alanna Shaikh March 2, 2010 - 2:12 pm
A new paper by Maxim Pinkovskiy and Xavier Sala-i-Martin argues that “African poverty is falling and is falling rapidly.” That’s not the only iconoclastic argument in the paper. They authors state that progress against poverty has been well-distributed throughout the continent, equally successful regardless of geography, history, or mineral wealth. They also argue that the growth spurt that began in 1995 has reduced inequality rather than making it work.
I am not a development economist. I’m really not equipped to evaluate the claims, though along with everyone else I certainly want them to be true. I checked out the development blogosphere for more insight. Global Dashboard has some useful background. They point out that “Sala-i-Martin and Pinkovskiy use GDP to measure poverty (working out distribution of income from household surveys) – the World Bank’s figures are derived directly from the surveys themselves.” Aid Thoughts pointed out that the paper’s data derives from the “now infamous Penn World Tables…which are constantly being revised and often accused of being unreliable.”
The whole discussion illustrates just how hard it is to collect good poverty data; it’s still an art as well as a science. If we’re lucky, the debate triggered by this paper will help shed some light on the process.
Kris Allen and American Idol Help the UN Help Haiti
Mark Leon Goldberg February 25, 2010 - 4:11 pm
As Matt noted, reigning Idol champ Kris Allen traveled to Haiti last week with UN Foundation CEO Kathy Calvin to visit the relief efforts. (Recall: We posted some exclusive video of that trip.) Well, Thursday night, on Fox at 8pm EST (7 Central) you can see more from the Haiti trip when Idol airs a special episode dedicated to Haiti.
The UN Foundation is organizing some virtual watch parties and has other resources for Idol fans and everyone else who wants to help the UN help Haiti. Don't miss the action!
UPDATE: 100% of the proceeds from Itunes downloads of Allen's rendition of "Let it Be" will go to the UN's Haiti relief efforts.
Tune in to American Idol Now!
Matthew Cordell February 24, 2010 - 8:13 pm
At 8pm EST, Season 8 winner Kris Allen will perform "Let it Be" and present footage of his trip to Haiti with the UN Foundation.
Kris traveled with UN Foundation CEO Kathy Calvin to Haiti to raise funds and awareness last week. This episode is part of the show's Idol Gives Back series, intended to do exactly what the title suggests. Viewers will be able to donate online or by texting during the show.
For a primer on the UN's work in Haiti, check out our coverage. Mark also posted some clips from the trip.
*Photo: American Idol
The Coming Flood of Electronic Waste
Alanna Shaikh February 24, 2010 - 2:58 pm
Consumers in the developing world are rapidly increasing their purchases of electronics – computers, cell phones, toys, cameras. Disposal capacity isn’t keeping pace. The UN Environmental Program just issued a new report that predicts a massive increase in e-waste in the developing world.
Global e-waste is increasing by 40 million tons a year, much of it in poor countries. Modern electronics can use up to 60 different elements; some are toxic, some are valuable, some are both. In the developing world, e-waste is generally handled by “backyard recyclers” – basically, families who break down electronics and isolate valuable components. That often means incineration, which has a major impact on air quality.
For once, however, this seems to be a problem that actually has a solution. UNEP recommends the development of high-tech recycling centers capable of handling e-waste, bolstered by a community network that collects e-waste and delivers it to recycling facilities. One promising model is in Bangalore, India. EWA supports a clean e-waste channel to receive consumer electronics for recycling.
One issue UNEP doesn’t address is financing. I’d love to know if there is enough value to e-waste to help support these recycling centers, or they’ll be an ongoing cost center for governments.








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Improving Quality of Life in Sprawling Slums
Penelope Chester March 19, 2010 - 9:59 am
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Ed note: We want to welcome our newest contributor to these pages. Penelope is a Franco-American national living in Toronto. She has a BA from Tufts University (go Jumbos!) and an MA in International Affairs from Sciences-Po. Her interests lie primarily at the intersection of international affairs, economic development and foreign policy, with a particular focus on African issues and post-conflict reconstruction. She has worked for the Clinton Foundation and is co-founder of The Niapele Project, an NGO focused on improving the livelihoods of vulnerable children through grassroots initiatives in West Africa. Without further ado...
A striking BBC news headline piqued my interest the other day: “UN says 227m people escaped slums in past decade”. I clicked through the potential “good news” story, hoping to brighten up my day with some statistics about the shrinking size of the global slum-dwelling population. However, the headline was misleading. While UN Habitat’s newest report, State of the World Cities 2010/11: Bridging the Urban Divide, notes that “a total 227 million people in the world have moved out of slum conditions since 2000”, its authors also quickly add that the total number of slum dwellers has actually increased by 55 million, “from 776.7 million in 2000 to some 827.6 million in 2010.”
What’s particularly interesting is that the UN is touting this number as an achievement of one of the Millennium Development Goals, MDG 7d: “Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020”. Yes, the 227 million figure suggests that governments and organizations working on this issue have collectively surpassed the target. However, the fact that the slum population continues to grow - in spite of these advances - means that while progress has been made, a lot still needs to be done. It’s estimated that, “short of drastic action”, the global slum-dwelling population will continue to grow by six million a year, hitting 889 million in 2020.
Across the world, a number of initiatives are being developed to improve quality of life in slums and shanty towns. China and India’s efforts in reducing hardship in urban areas have been particularly critical: “Together”, the UN Habitat report notes, “they have lifted at least 125 million out of slum conditions between 1990 and 2010.” In addition to the initiatives undertaken by governments, private entrepreneurs are also seeking to reinvent slum life - if you can’t take the slum dweller out of the slum, or eliminate migration from rural areas, then you can redefine slum life and improve it.
That’s what a group called Urban Think Tank is working on. The group wanted to create a public transportation system in the barrios of Caracas that would serve the community without destroying thousands of homes to build roads - they also offer design services to the community for next to nothing, and are attempting to shift urban planners and politicians’ paradigm about slums and their potential. The public transportation they are currently building - Metro Cable - is a 2.1 km cable car system (integrated with the Metro System of Caracas) which employs gondolas holding 8 passengers each. Metro Cable’s capacity allows for the movement of 1,200 people an hour in each direction.
This is the type of visionary undertaking that will really address the issue of slums in the 21st century. Rural migration, population growth and the expansion of cities are inexorable trends that are - and will continue to be - very difficult to thwart. One way of looking at the issue is searching for possibilities to improve infrastructure, service delivery and availability in scalable, realistic ways. Urban Think Tank is among the first to seize the opportunity (and risk) of envisioning and implementing a vision for more humane, more livable slums.
Image: Flickr user rooshv caracas barrios